Malaria

Malaria is a life-threatening mosquito-borne disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito.Once an infected mosquito bites a human, the parasites multiply in the host’s liver before infecting and destroying red blood cells.

Malaria is highly common in the Terai region of Nepal, especially during the monsoon season. It is a very deadly disease, and can lead to severe health problems, including death, if not treated immediately.

Causes

  • It is transmitted through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito.
  • Malaria may also be transmitted from a mother to her unborn infant before or during delivery
  • Because the malaria parasite is found in red blood cells of an infected person, malaria can also be transmitted through blood transfusion, organ transplant, or the shared use of needles or syringes contaminated with blood.

Symptoms

  • Fever and chills
  • A sensation of cold with shivering
  • Multiple convulsions
  • Deep breathing and respiratory complications
  • Shaking chills that can range from moderate to severe
  • Profuse sweating
  • Headache
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Abdominal pain
  • Diarrhea
  • Anemia
  • Muscle pain

Prevention

  • Use mosquito repellent creams especially in hotter areas of the country.
  • Use mosquito nets or coils during sleep.
  • Covering your skin or using bug sprays containing DEET may also help prevent infection

Treatment

  • Mefloquine (Lariam), Doxycycline (available generically), or the combination of Atovaquone and Proguanil Hydrochloride (Malarone)—are frequently used when prophylaxis is needed